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The Srebrenica massacre, also known as the Srebrenica genocide〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P6-TA-2009-0028+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=40028 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.advocacynet.org/blogs/index.php/2009/02/11/serbian-ngos-press-for-commemoration-of-?blog=145 )〕 ((ボスニア語:Masakar u Srebrenici; Genocid u Srebrenici)), was the genocidal〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.icty.org/x/cases/popovic/acjug/en/150130_summary.pdf )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/91/13685.pdf )〕 killing, in July 1995, of more than 8,000〔Potocari Memorial Center Preliminary List of Missing Persons from Srebrenica '95 ()〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia )〕〔, p. 81.〕〔, p. 25.〕 Muslim Bosniaks, mainly men and boys, in and around the town of Srebrenica during the Bosnian War. The killings were perpetrated by units of the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of General Ratko Mladić. The Scorpions, a paramilitary unit from Serbia, who had been part of the Serbian Interior Ministry until 1991, also participated in the massacre.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ICTY – Kordic and Cerkez Judgement – 3. After the Conflict )〕 In April 1993, the United Nations declared the besieged enclave of Srebrenica—in the Drina Valley of northeastern Bosnia—a "safe area" under UN protection. However, in July 1995, UNPROFOR's 370〔(Dealing With Genocide: A Dutch Peacekeeper Remembers Srebrenica )〕 Dutchbat soldiers in Srebrenica failed to prevent the town's capture by the VRS — and the subsequent massacre.〔ICTY, ''()'', Case No. IT-98-33, United Nations, 2 August 2001, "Findings of Fact", paragraphs 18 and 26 ()〕〔Comprehensive report of the proceedings, (www.vandiepen.com )〕〔"Under The UN Flag; The International Community and the Srebrenica Genocide" by Hasan Nuhanović, pub. DES Sarajevo, 2007, ISBN 978-9958-728-87-7 ()()〕 In 2004, in a unanimous ruling on the case of ''Prosecutor v. Krstić'', the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), located in the Hague, ruled that the massacre of the enclave's male inhabitants constituted genocide, a crime under international law. The ruling was also upheld by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2007. The forcible transfer of between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak women, children and elderly which accompanied the massacre was found to be confirming evidence of the genocidal intent of members of the VRS Main Staff who orchestrated the massacre.〔(Prosecutor vs Krstic, ICTY Appeals Chamber Judgement, Case No. IT-98-33, 19 April 2004, Para. 33 ). Retrieved 21 March 2011〕 In 2005, Kofi Annan, then Secretary-General of the United Nations described the mass murder as the worst crime on European soil since the Second World War,〔(UN Press Release SG/SM/9993UN, 11/07/2005 "Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s message to the ceremony marking the tenth anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre in Potocari-Srebrenica" ). Retrieved 9 August 2010.〕〔Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Tribunal Update: Briefly Noted (TU No 398, 18 March 2005) ()〕 and in a message to the tenth anniversary commemoration of the massacre, he wrote that, while blame lay "first and foremost with those who planned and carried out the massacre and those who assisted and harboured them", the UN had "made serious errors of judgement, rooted in a philosophy of impartiality", describing Srebrenica as a tragedy that would haunt the history of the UN forever.〔 In 2006, in the ''Bosnian Genocide case'' held before the International Court of Justice, Serbia and Montenegro was cleared of direct responsibility for, or complicity in, the massacre, but was found responsible for not doing enough to prevent the genocide and not prosecuting those responsible, in breach of the Genocide Convention. The ''Preliminary List of People Missing or Killed in Srebrenica'' compiled by the Bosnian Federal Commission of Missing Persons contains 8,373 names.〔 As of July 2012, 6,838 genocide victims have been identified through DNA analysis of body parts recovered from mass graves; as of July 2013, 6,066 victims have been buried at the Memorial Centre of Potočari. In April 2013, Serbian President Tomislav Nikolić officially apologised for the massacre, although he stopped short of calling it genocide. In 2013 and 2014, the Netherlands was found liable in its own supreme court and in the Hague district court of failing in its duty to prevent more than 300 of the deaths.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Judgement of the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, First Chamber, 12/03324 LZ/TT (English translation) )〕〔〔BBC news website, "Dutch state 'responsible for three Srebrenica deaths'", 5 July 2011. (Retrieved 13 July 2015). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14026218〕〔Comiteau, Lauren. "Court Says the Dutch Are to Blame for Srebrenica Deaths", ''Time''. 6 July 2011. (Retrieved 14 July 2015). http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2081634,00.html〕 On July 8, 2015, Russia vetoed, by request of the Republika Srpska and Serbia, a UN resolution condemning the Srebrenica massacre as genocide, Serbia calling the resolution "anti-Serb".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Russia threatens veto on UN vote calling Srebrenica 'a crime of genocide' )〕 On July 9, 2015, both Members of the European Parliament (EP) and House of Representatives of the U.S. Congress adopted resolutions on Srebrenica reaffirming the description of the crime as genocide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20150708IPR78763/html/20-years-after-the-Srebrenica-genocide-Parliament-says-never-again )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-resolution/310/text )〕 == Background == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Srebrenica massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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